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• 37 reactor units contribute about 20 % to the country's electricity supply.
• Russia is actively engaged in the further development of nuclear power; two conventional SMRs are already in operation, and one lead-cooled SMR is currently under construction.
• The country exports its reactor technology to a number of countries; it is also a world leader in uranium enrichment.
• With Voglte-3, a newly built AP1000 pressurised water reactor started commercial operation at the end of July.
• Another new build, Vogtle-4, is currently in the commissioning phase
• The US has the world's largest nuclear power generation capacity
• With NuScale, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy and TerraPower - to name just a few - concepts for Small Modular Reactors (SMR) are being developed in the US, and cooperations with (European) countries are underway.
• Canada is currently operating 19 nuclear power plant units at four locations: Bruce (8), Pickering (6), Darlington (4), Point Lepreau (1)
• These are all heavy-water-moderated pressure tube reactors of the CANDU type, which can use natural uranium
• A comprehensive modernisation programme is currently underway for the reactor fleet, the life of which is to be extended
• Canada plans to use Small Modular Reactors (SMR), including Hitachi's BWRX-300, which is in the process of pre-licensing
For many years there have been reports of radioactive caesium-137 (Cs-137) that is sometimes detected in large quantities in mushrooms and wild boar, especially in regions of southern Germany. Just in time for the start of the mushroom season, there have again been more reports of this in recent weeks. Where does the substance come from and why is it still detectable in larger quantities in mushrooms and wild boar, while it is decreasing overall in the ecosystem?
In the "cold shutdown" state, as in the "hot shutdown" state, the reactor is subcritical, i.e. no nuclear fission takes place.
In the "hot shutdown" state, as in the "cold shutdown" state, the reactor is subcritical, i.e. no nuclear fission takes place.
Currently, a total of 27 nuclear power plants and 6 research reactors are being decommissioned in Germany. But how does decommissioning actually work? What procedures are there? Who is involved and who is responsible? What are the challenges involved? The following dossier explores these questions.
Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH
With the help of interventional radiology, certain medical procedures can be carried out in a minimally invasive manner that would previously have required surgery. As ionising radiation is generally used for imaging, the radiation exposure of the medical personnel involved has risen steadily over the years in line with the number of such procedures. In order to improve understanding of the distribution of radiation in the room and thus reduce radiation exposure, GRS scientists have produced a training video and a calculation tool as part of a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment.